Medicinal plants contain active ingredients in one or some of their organs. Squalene is one of the active ingredients that prevent heart attacks and cardiovascular diseases and protect the body from some cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of squalene in a number of medicinal plants. In this experiment, the plant oils were extracted and measured using Bligh & Dyer with minor changes. TLC (thin layer chromatography) was used to identify squalene. Comparison of TLC of standard squalene with TLC of the investigated medicinal plant samples showed that Caryophillium aromaticus, Descurainia sophia, Portulaca Oleracea, Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa contained squalene. Although the percentage of Papaver somniferum and Nigella Sativa seed oil was higher than other medicinal plants, the squalane spot of clove plant had a higher intensity of color and this indicates a higher concentration of squalene in this plant.

The recent state of electrical system comprises the conventional generating units along with the sources of renewable energy. The suggested article recommends a method for the solution of single and Multi-objective optimal power flow, incorporating wind energy with traditional coal-based generating stations. In this article, the two thermal power plants are replaced with the wind power plants. The techno-economic analysis are done with this state of electrical system. In proposed work, Weibull probability distribution functions is used for calculating wind power output. A non-dominated sorting based Multi-objective moth flame optimization technique is used for the optimization issue. The fuzzy decision-making approach is applied for extracting the best compromise solution. The results are authenticated though modified IEEE-30 bus test system, which is combined with wind and thermal generating plants.

In the present work, determining the optimal strategy of Multi virtual power plants (VPPs) as well as the objective of maximizing profit through the Multi-level control of VPPs are discussed by the micro-grid utilization center including virtual power plants. VPPs include renewable resources such as wind farms, photovoltaic, and conventional resources such as fuel cell, micro turbine, hybrid heat and power include gas and also waste heat boiler integrated with electrical resources and energy storage devices such as batteries. During the market competition process, the method of biding for each VPP is determined according to the optimal generation capacity of each VPP. In order to reduce the effects of uncertainty and unpredictability of the output power of wind farms, a more precise method for predicting using wavelet transform and artificial neural network as well as genetic algorithm method has been provided. Two operational models are described in this paper: 1) specify the optimal independent strategy of each VPP; and 2) The game theory model to specify the optimized strategy of 9-bus IEEE system including Multiple virtual power plants as well as a model of load response according to pricing mechanism for time use and also removable electrical loads.

Microgrids are practical samples of the concept of decentralized power production. In this regard, after determination of appropriate technologies and the capacity of power generation and storage units for defensive objectives, the optimal scheduling of units in microgrids is of the crical importance. Thus, scheduling of distributed generations and energy storages in form of virtual power plant have gained significant attentions of both owner of these units and the operators of distributions aiming at increasing the system efficiency. This paper proposes a model for the optimal day-ahead scheduling of electrical and thermal units in a large scale virtual power plant. This plant includes a number of combined heat and power units, distribution consumers, a parking for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles with the ability to follow a smart charging pattern, boilers, renewable energy based generators and storage units. The presence of large number of storages, especially electrical vehicles, in these types of microgrids enhances the resiliency of the grids when encountering malicious attacks. Uncertaintie associated with electrical and thermal loads is modeled using a probabilistic programing while Monte-Carlo simulation has been utilized to model uncertainty in the behavior of electrical vehicles. Simulations have accomplished in two scenarios: 1) normal and 2) islanding operation after a deliberate attack. MATLAB software and cuckoo optimization algorithm are used for optimization task in this paper.

More than 22% of the world's agricultural land is saline, and this trend continues to increase with climate changes. Salinity stress causes leaf color change, osmotic stress, ionic toxicity, prevents growth, photosynthesis and plant performance. Due to their size less than micron, metal nanoparticles have a great absorption and transmission power in plants. Salinity stress is a major problem in hot and dry areas under tomato cultivation. For this purpose, investigating the mutual effects of the size and type of zinc oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles on the improvement and change of growth and increasing the resistance to salt stress in tomato plants of the early urbana variety were carried out in the form of a completely randomized and factorial design with 4 replications, at a significant level of 5%. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles in 25 and 50 nm sizes, iron oxide in 25 nm sizes and sodium chloride in 0 and 75 mM levels were used. Nanoparticles and salinity treatments were both applied to the plants. The results showed that salt stress led to a decrease in plant growth parameters such as shoot and root length, leaf area, RWC, ion leakage. Also, NaCl led to an increase in the accumulation of prolin and other aldehydes, sodium, iron and zinc. The application of nanoparticles had a slight effect in stress-free conditions, but in stressed conditions, these two nanoparticles alone and especially in combination neutralized the effect of salinity and reduced the damage caused by salinity stress.

Considering the importance of solidarity as a theoretical and political structure and its connection with social harmony, acceptability and political legitimacy, the present research has conceptualized and formulated the problem of solidarity in the context of Iran's Multi-ethnic society through the mediation of existing studies. . In the current research, the hybrid method has been used. The sample and statistical population of the research includes selected qualitative studies that have investigated the issue of solidarity and its dimensions in Iran from different aspects and perspectives in the period from 1372 to 1398. After searching in different databases, 500 related articles, books and research reports were identified and finally 54 sources were selected to perform the meta-combination method. Based on the synthesis of studies, solidarity in the Multi-ethnic society of Iran has found a problematic situation. The results of the research confirm that the coordinates of solidarity in Iranian society are based on structural contexts and conditions. The main field in which the issue of solidarity in Iran should be established is the acceptance of a reality called "reliability and stability of cultural diversity". Based on the meta-combination of studies, the coordinates of solidarity in Iran's Multi-ethnic society, due to "intercultural affinities", "disruption and non-inclusion in ethnic policies", "instability and imbalance of development", "inefficiency of ethnic political management" and "identification disorder". In the meantime, "cultural globalization", "taking role models from ethnic elites", "geopolitics of ethnic areas and transnational interventions" and "ethnic extension" are considered as intervening conditions. Despite the fact that ethnic and religious diversity is recognized as a central sign in the constitution, with this definition, political agents have sometimes resorted to strategies that social suffering and extroversion has formed in ethnic communities.